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Abstract

With the increasing demand for cost-effective and safe energy storage systems, seawater batteries (SWBs) are establishing themselves in the field of rechargeable batteries. In particular, cathode materials based on the intercalation mechanism have received considerable attention owing to their low overpotential and high energy efficiency. In this study, nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) is used as an intercalation cathode material for SWB. NiHCF, a type of Prussian blue analog, has the advantages of a large interstitial volume to insert Na-ions and stability into seawater; however, it is often fabricated in a defect-rich structure. Therefore, the chelating effect of NiHCF is studied, and its structural and electrochemical properties are investigated. After introducing a chelating agent, defect-less NiHCF can be fabricated, and the well-constructed structure affects the electrochemical properties of the NiHCF. The structural behavior of NiHCF based on the insertion/extraction of Na-ions in the SWB full-cell is studied, and the chelated NiHCF cathode shows reversible cycling ability up to 2000 cycles with a capacity retention of 92.8%. This study offers a comprehensive understanding of the electrochemical properties of NiHCF and the operating mechanisms of intercalation cathode materials in SWB systems.