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Ensuring the safety and reliability of materials in hydrogen environments necessitates a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms of hydrogen embrittlement (HE). Traditionally, electrochemical hydrogen charging (E-charging) has been employed to simulate hydrogen environments, followed by macro-scale mechanical testing, such as uniaxial tensile tests, to evaluate HE behavior. However, in these tests, while severe HE phenomena are evident, the resulting changes in strength are often negligible due to the confinement of the hydrogen-affected area to the charging surface. In contrast, the nanoindentation test method proves highly effective in measuring mechanical properties at the nano- and microscale. In addition, analyzing load-displacement curves allows evaluation of various mechanical behaviors such as hardness, yield behavior, and stress-strain curves. On this basis, nanoindentation test may be the most powerful tool to provide critical insights into the hydrogen effects on mechanical properties, especially for the E-charged sample. This presentation clarifies the principles of the nanoindentation test method, specifically optimized for surface property analysis, and showcases research examples applying it to analyze changes in the mechanical properties of hydrogen-charged metallic materials. The objective is to expand the application of the nanoindentation test method in hydrogen research, offering valuable insights into the intricate interplay between hydrogen and material behavior in a concise manner.